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導(dǎo)語(yǔ)：

感謝大家訂閱皮埃羅·斯加魯菲（Piero Scaruffi）的鈦媒體72問(wèn).知識(shí)專欄《硅谷的秘密》。我是今天的提問(wèn)者趙何娟。之前的課，皮埃羅跟我們講了他很反對(duì)彼得蒂爾的“教育無(wú)用論”，并且認(rèn)為年輕人的教育最重要的就是創(chuàng)造性思維的啟蒙教育，還預(yù)言未來(lái)很多的新的工作崗位會(huì)與懂得創(chuàng)造機(jī)器人和控制機(jī)器人有關(guān)。那么未來(lái)的教育會(huì)越來(lái)越“實(shí)用化”還是“創(chuàng)造啟蒙化”呢，我問(wèn)了皮埃羅關(guān)于教育和培訓(xùn)的關(guān)系，教育與培訓(xùn)有什么不同嗎？教育和培訓(xùn)哪個(gè)更重要？皮埃羅對(duì)此有非常清晰的認(rèn)識(shí)，他的核心觀點(diǎn)是，培訓(xùn)是細(xì)化的任務(wù)結(jié)果為導(dǎo)向，而教育就是越跨學(xué)科的教育越重要。

正文：

I think the difference in my mind that is the difference is big. Training is about a specific task let's say, I have to start using a new device. I have to devices but someday they will give me a new one that doesn't exist today. Well I have to train to learn that device a software engineer needs training when does a new programming language. Now Python is famous again. So you need training in that language no software engineers studied the sea maybe studies in language now it has to train in Python’s training and the training can be one day. It can be one month, it could be two months. Training now. 

我認(rèn)為，兩者的差異很大。培訓(xùn)是更加細(xì)化的任務(wù)，比方說(shuō)我現(xiàn)在要開(kāi)始使用一臺(tái)新設(shè)備，但是日后又會(huì)有新的設(shè)備投入使用，我就要接受培訓(xùn)；軟件工程師也要接受培訓(xùn)，如學(xué)習(xí)新的編程語(yǔ)言，現(xiàn)在Python又重新流行起來(lái)，很多工程師都要學(xué)習(xí)這門(mén)編程語(yǔ)言。他們可能學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)C語(yǔ)言，但現(xiàn)在要接受Python的培訓(xùn)。培訓(xùn)可能是一個(gè)月，兩個(gè)月。

Education is you learn how to program a computer and to learn it you have to study specific language probably see language java but then you can learn any other language that's education you learn what a computer is you know what a processor is now. what is memory and so on and so on and then of course to learn that you have to learn one specific language because you cannot learn all of them. But the day that the language changes you get training a nd in one month one week sometimes one day you can learn something new.

教育是學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)算機(jī)編程，某門(mén)編程語(yǔ)言，比如說(shuō)C語(yǔ)言，Java。但是你學(xué)會(huì)了這些之后，你可以自學(xué)其他的編程語(yǔ)言，這就是教育。你學(xué)會(huì)了計(jì)算機(jī)的原理，你理解了儲(chǔ)存的原理，學(xué)會(huì)了計(jì)算機(jī)語(yǔ)言。雖然有朝一日，又會(huì)有新的計(jì)算機(jī)語(yǔ)言，但是你可以接受培訓(xùn)，學(xué)習(xí)另一門(mén)計(jì)算機(jī)語(yǔ)言，培訓(xùn)時(shí)間可長(zhǎng)可短。

If your education is very good the training would be very short if you are a worker in a factory and the to train you to become a software engineer, that's painful but if you are a software engineer working on a simple application and they tell you now you get training for artificial intelligence that's not so difficult you really are a soft engineer and if you study mathematics is actually very easy. It’s just new formulas and yep, will be painful for a couple of weeks. But not so difficult.

如果你的教育基礎(chǔ)扎實(shí)，那么你的培訓(xùn)時(shí)間可能會(huì)很短。如果你是一個(gè)工廠工人，要把你培訓(xùn)成一個(gè)軟件工程師的過(guò)程就很辛苦。但是如果你是軟件工程師，你在開(kāi)發(fā)一個(gè)應(yīng)用程序，有人告訴你要去做人工智能，你接受完培訓(xùn)，很快就可以上手了，因?yàn)槟惚旧砭褪且粋€(gè)軟件工程師。如果你學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)的話，這對(duì)你而言都會(huì)很簡(jiǎn)單，不過(guò)是新的公式罷了，但是開(kāi)頭培訓(xùn)的那幾周可能會(huì)比較辛苦，也不會(huì)太難。

We have to get used will be training in our life at some point they will change your tools and you will be everything. I’m just working on something for the media. The world of media is fascinating how is changing I always read a lot of magazines still I still with print in our stead books and so on so I watch TV, so I’m fascinating how we will change dramatically in virtual reality of mental reality and live streaming I mean everything would change so you will get training you will. But if you have an education in media, if you understand these things much easier, if you have an education is stem even easier. You know you understand in new technology right away and you understand what you can do with it.

我們一生中會(huì)接受不同的培訓(xùn)，變換手上的工具。比如說(shuō)我在媒體行業(yè)工作，這個(gè)行業(yè)有很多的變化，我會(huì)閱讀雜志，傳統(tǒng)的印刷物，看電視，我會(huì)為媒體行業(yè)的變化著迷?，F(xiàn)在有了虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)、增強(qiáng)現(xiàn)實(shí)、在線流媒體，一切都會(huì)發(fā)生改變。你遇到一些變化，但如果你學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)傳媒的原理，了解這個(gè)事物，那么就簡(jiǎn)單多了。如果你學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)科學(xué)、技術(shù)、工程或者是數(shù)學(xué)，同樣也不難，因?yàn)槟隳苷莆兆钚碌募夹g(shù)。你會(huì)明白自己可以利用工具做些什么。

I keep telling people that the bigger revolution in augmented reality will not come from the technology startups. It will come from journalists and artists. And we’ve already seen it now when augmented reality was introduced commercially. Who was it Microsoft! What does Microsoft do? It sells products to offices so there they are mental reality or mental realities what PowerPoint the first time of the head was a presentation, where the guy uses the hand to show a presentation, right? That's what Microsoft does. So I came up with the simplest kind. 

我一直告訴其他人，VR的變化不會(huì)來(lái)自相關(guān)的初創(chuàng)企業(yè)。記者和藝術(shù)家會(huì)改變?cè)鰪?qiáng)現(xiàn)實(shí)這種技術(shù)。最初發(fā)明VR的是哪家公司？微軟。微軟是干什么的？微軟是給客戶賣辦公室軟件的，他們做增強(qiáng)現(xiàn)實(shí)的目的是什么？PowerPoint！他們想讓客戶動(dòng)一動(dòng)手，就可以做幻燈片展示，因?yàn)槲④浘褪琴u辦公軟件的。所以他們做出了最簡(jiǎn)單的增強(qiáng)現(xiàn)實(shí)。

Well, then artists started thinking about a mentor reality and artist realized in one second, this room that street any place is a canvas. It's like the painter has a blank canvas and then you give them colors and they start painting right? With AR, any environment becomes a compass a three dimensional campus so artists started making art in the middle of the room in the street. And when you have the right glasses or how does the sculpture there. Without the glasses that nothing with the glass. That's the future there are is just explain to us that instead of paper, we can use this AR. I can leave a note for you outside the door there I can leave a note that only you can see with the glasses.

藝術(shù)家就會(huì)思考VR這項(xiàng)技術(shù)，他們會(huì)把世界想象成一塊空白、可以作畫(huà)的帆布，在增強(qiáng)現(xiàn)實(shí)的世界里，所有東西都成了一幅畫(huà)布，一塊3D帆布。藝術(shù)家開(kāi)始戴上增強(qiáng)現(xiàn)實(shí)的眼睛，進(jìn)行藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作。如果沒(méi)有了VR的眼鏡，那么什么都沒(méi)有了。這就是未來(lái)的樣子，藝術(shù)家向我們展示有了VR技術(shù)，我們可以進(jìn)行各種創(chuàng)作，而且我們可以身處一個(gè)只有我們自己戴上眼鏡才能看到的世界。

I don't know if the glasses are really the future of this thing some to live annoying that you have to wear special glasses. But what I’m saying the artist saw the future not Microsoft, in my opinion the journalist will see the future, because we do mental reality you can have a piece of paper or you can have a TV program. And then you can augment, you can have more information if you want today. 

我不知道未來(lái)的世界會(huì)不會(huì)這樣，因?yàn)槁?tīng)起來(lái)戴著眼鏡有點(diǎn)麻煩。我想說(shuō)的是，藝術(shù)家可以看到未來(lái)，而微軟卻不行。記者可以看到未來(lái)的媒體發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，增強(qiáng)現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)可以播放視頻、看流媒體，讓你看到更多的信息。

The biggest problem of media is that people want one under forty characters right people don't want to spend too much time give me their news in one second year but sometimes I want to know more so what do I do I click a web page there's a traditional thing but think journalists will come up with a way that in one second I know there was a bomb in Somalia and then if I want to know more I just look at it. And it will come more it will go live or whatever. 

今天媒體的問(wèn)題是，人們受到了140個(gè)字符的字?jǐn)?shù)限制，他們不想花太多的時(shí)間看新聞。但有時(shí)候，我們就想要了解更多的信息，我們會(huì)點(diǎn)開(kāi)一些網(wǎng)頁(yè)。我想在未來(lái)，記者會(huì)想到增強(qiáng)現(xiàn)實(shí)的解決方案，一邊有索馬里的新聞，如果我想知道更多細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容，就看向那邊，馬上就有相關(guān)新聞出現(xiàn)在眼前。

So I think it an interdisciplinary education is very important if you understand the technology you will find the application not Microsoft by the way. It is interesting that artists are very good at understanding technology. I find it fascinating for somebody in technology is very difficult to understand a different technology, right? You are used to a computer now you have to use a smart phone. It takes a while to use to it.

所以我認(rèn)為跨學(xué)科的教育很重要。如果你了解技術(shù)，你就會(huì)找到合適的應(yīng)用軟件，而微軟不會(huì)。另外有趣的是，藝術(shù)家很擅長(zhǎng)與了解技術(shù)。反而是技術(shù)行業(yè)內(nèi)的人，很難懂得另一種技術(shù)。你過(guò)去習(xí)慣使用電腦，但現(xiàn)在要用智能手機(jī)了，你還需要時(shí)間去適應(yīng)。

An artist in one day can learn to use a new gadget, artists are like children. You give them a new device, a day later, they know everything, artist is very similar. Instead people in technology and science tend to have a much more difficult life right retraining is difficult. Why? They're specialist, they are trying to be specialists. Artists are trained not be specialist so it's interesting, right?

藝術(shù)家只需要一天就能夠掌握新設(shè)備的用法。藝術(shù)家就像孩子一樣，你把手機(jī)給孩子們一天，他們很快就學(xué)會(huì)如何使用手機(jī)。藝術(shù)家真的很像孩子。然而，科技領(lǐng)域的人就很難學(xué)習(xí)另一門(mén)技術(shù)了，因?yàn)樗麄儽唤逃蔀槟硞€(gè)領(lǐng)域的專家，重新訓(xùn)練的過(guò)程會(huì)非常艱辛。所以很有趣，對(duì)吧？

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