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導(dǎo)語(yǔ)：

感謝大家訂閱皮埃羅•斯加魯菲（Piero Scaruffi）的鈦媒體72問(wèn).知識(shí)專欄《硅谷的秘密》。我是今天的提問(wèn)者趙何娟。前幾期我們學(xué)習(xí)了硅谷的創(chuàng)新更多是應(yīng)用導(dǎo)向，而不是以發(fā)明為導(dǎo)向，以及過(guò)去十年最能稱得上創(chuàng)新性發(fā)明的，是生物科技，而非人工智能，硅谷已有非常多生物科技初創(chuàng)公司。那么我們?nèi)绾稳チ私膺@些硅谷的生物科技公司呢？

正文：

we have three locations for biotech start-ups. One is the traditional one where gene tech was there. If you go there, you drive around, you see about one hundred startups in biotech right. And there is south of San Francisco around University California San Francisco, that campus has become another place for biotechs. And then near Berkeley there's another place that has all biotech startups. So not one hub, three hubs in the Bay Area for biotech start-ups.

我們可以將這些公司劃分為3個(gè)地區(qū)。一個(gè)是傳統(tǒng)的基因科技區(qū)域，在那里你會(huì)看到大概100家初創(chuàng)公司，該區(qū)域位于三藩市以南。而在三藩市內(nèi)，在加州大學(xué)三藩市校區(qū)內(nèi)，這一大學(xué)成為了生物科技初創(chuàng)公司的另一基地。最后是伯克萊，那里也是生物科技的基地之一。因此在三藩市灣區(qū)內(nèi)其實(shí)是有3個(gè)生物科技公司基地的。

Why they are not as popular as software? Because software, five minutes its online. But biotech, you have to invent it, you have to develop it, you have to test it on people, in the United States the law says there is a minimum of five years to do. Remember you have to test it for so many years, then it gets approved.

那么為什么它們不如軟件公司受歡迎？因?yàn)檐浖恍枰獛追昼娋涂梢园l(fā)布，可以馬上投入使用，而生物科技呢，你得先發(fā)明，再發(fā)展，再在人類身上試驗(yàn)，而美國(guó)法律指出必須有不少于5年的人類試驗(yàn)，好了經(jīng)過(guò)那么多年的測(cè)試，最后還得經(jīng)過(guò)驗(yàn)證。

So gene therapy was actually invented more than ten years ago I think. it was until now the first case is coming to the market, now for the first time, the first kind of gene therapy has been approved now. So biotech is less popular because the results are so long. But actually today I think the impact of biotech is number one. So great investors today will look into biotech.

實(shí)際上基因療法是在10年前被發(fā)明的，而現(xiàn)在才正式上市。因此生物科技沒(méi)有那么受歡迎，這是由于其研發(fā)過(guò)程太長(zhǎng)的原因。但是我始終認(rèn)為生物科技的影響力是排首位的。因此現(xiàn)今偉大的發(fā)明家都會(huì)關(guān)注生物科技領(lǐng)域。

I have a list in my computer. I have a slide about biotech with the main inventions and they start from the 90s. So in the last twenty years we had all these inventions and this will change dramatically the world. What is interesting I think is zero comes from Silicon Valley.

我有一張就是關(guān)于生物科技的重大發(fā)明的列表，里面列有自90年代開(kāi)始的重大發(fā)明。這些技術(shù)都將徹底改變世界。而有趣的是，這些發(fā)明沒(méi)有一項(xiàng)來(lái)自硅谷。

But I'm sure that twenty years from now people will think “oh gene therapy it is from Silicon Valley right”, but it wasn't invented there. “oh IBG yeah it was in Silicon Valley right”no. So there will be the same story. You know people will think that there would be one start up from Silicon Valley that would become the big start-up. Genomics was invented, you know Human Genome Project right, by Maryland, but everybody thinks oh 23andme which is a Silicon Valley, but they did not invent it, it is not even the best.

但是我相信20年后的今天，當(dāng)人們說(shuō)起基因療法的時(shí)候，他們會(huì)認(rèn)為這是來(lái)源于硅谷的，但其實(shí)它并不是在硅谷被發(fā)明的。當(dāng)人們說(shuō)起IBG，他們也會(huì)以為其發(fā)源于硅谷，但其實(shí)不是。歷史總是相似的，而最后會(huì)出現(xiàn)某家初創(chuàng)公司獨(dú)大的情況。比如人類基因組計(jì)劃，它是由馬里蘭大學(xué)發(fā)起的，但大家卻以為是硅谷的23andme所發(fā)起的，但事實(shí)并非如此，這家公司甚至不是硅谷里最好的。

導(dǎo)語(yǔ)：好，今天的課程就到這里，我們下期再繼續(xù)講講有趣的基因療法，到底是誰(shuí)發(fā)明的。

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