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導(dǎo)語：

感謝大家訂閱皮埃羅·斯加魯菲（Piero Scaruffi）的鈦媒體72問.知識(shí)專欄《硅谷的秘密》。我是今天的提問者趙何娟。從前面課程中，我們學(xué)習(xí)到了硅谷的失敗文化，皮埃羅也提到失敗并非壞事，但我們也要學(xué)會(huì)控制風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，這是一門很大的學(xué)問，那么皮埃羅怎么看待風(fēng)險(xiǎn)以及規(guī)避風(fēng)險(xiǎn)呢？是否存在應(yīng)對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的機(jī)制？

正文：

I don't know that really, it's this many different ways to do this that really everybody is is different. Even venture capitalists some are more tolerant towards risk someone less as to the pencil the industry obviously biotech you have much higher risk. Only fifty, sixteen new drugs are approved every year in the United States. Software we have an evening number, so depends on the field a depends on the venture capitalist depends on the company.

我也不太清楚，規(guī)避風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的方式有很多。即便是風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資人也需要承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，但每個(gè)行業(yè)的情況都不一樣。比如說，生物技術(shù)行業(yè)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)比較高，美國(guó)每年只有50到60種新藥能夠通過審批。軟件行業(yè)又不一樣了。所以規(guī)避風(fēng)險(xiǎn)要看不同的行業(yè)和不同的企業(yè)。

Google is famous for or killing beads right away. They always say it's not bad to fail, as long as you fail quickly. So it really depends I don't think there is a system to manage risk. I think the Silicon Valley is very good at turning risk into opportunity. so Silicon Valley does things that other places don't do. And sometimes you wonder why not in IBM was way richer than Apple when Apple introduced the Apple Two, and then IBM was way richer, was the biggest computer company in the world. Why they didn't take that risk? I don't know.

Google以扼殺壞的想法而聞名。他們有一句名言：只要失敗的過程又短又快，失敗并不可怕。Google確實(shí)有一套應(yīng)對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的機(jī)制。我認(rèn)為，硅谷非常善于把風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)為機(jī)遇。事實(shí)就是這樣，硅谷所做的事情都是與眾不同的。有時(shí)候我也會(huì)在想為什么不這么做呢？在Apple發(fā)行Apple Two的時(shí)候，IBM還是世界上最大的電腦公司，擁有的資金遠(yuǎn)比Apple豐厚。為什么IBM沒有去冒險(xiǎn)？我也不知道。

導(dǎo)讀：

那么除了Apple和Google這些超大企業(yè)之外，還有沒有其他一些把風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闄C(jī)遇的例子呢？皮埃羅說，這些例子幾乎隨處可見。

I really think that that’s the norm in Silicon Valley. Very few people in Silicon Valley think of copying somebody else's idea. Now if you go to veto capitalist telling this has been done before. So what if you got a venture capital, you tell him this has never been done. so I think that's a big difference in the way Silicon Valley works.

我認(rèn)為把機(jī)遇變成把風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)為機(jī)遇就是硅谷的典型作法。在硅谷，沒有人會(huì)去抄襲他人的想法。他們不會(huì)和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資人說，之前已經(jīng)有人做過類似的事情；如果他們找到風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資人時(shí)，告訴對(duì)方這是一個(gè)前所未有的新想法，那么投資人可能就會(huì)問更多的細(xì)節(jié)問題；所以硅谷的做法非常的與眾不同。

I think in China is almost the opposite, if you got to venture capitalists in China and telling this has never been done before. Bye bye. If you tell him this has been done before this is called Uber, and my name is Didi. Okay. Or this is called Google and my name is Baidu. Okay. So it’s the opposite. You know, if you go and tell them somebody has done this, who cares? 

我想在中國(guó)的話情況是剛好相反的，如果你告訴風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資人，之前有人做過Uber，而我這個(gè)產(chǎn)品叫滴滴；之前有人做過Google搜索引擎，而我這個(gè)產(chǎn)品的名字是百度，那么風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資人就會(huì)給你錢。但在硅谷的情況正好相反。如果之前已經(jīng)有人做過這個(gè)有人做過這件事，就沒有投資人會(huì)給你錢。

If you go and tell them this new everybody pays attention and even better they could tell them this is impossible when the kids at Xerox Park decided to put a computer on the desk, that's impossible. I’ll guess what there was the future so it's all that I think it's part of the system and is one of the things that is difficult to copy in the rest of the world. 

如果這是一個(gè)全新的想法，大家都會(huì)注意你，甚至還可以告訴風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資人一個(gè)聽起來不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法，就像施樂的工程師想做臺(tái)式電腦的想法在當(dāng)時(shí)聽起來是不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的。但你猜到結(jié)果是什么嗎？在那之后的電腦都是臺(tái)式機(jī)，所以我覺得這就是社會(huì)體系的問題，其他的地方都很難復(fù)制硅谷的社會(huì)。

And again, it goes back to society that's society they will accept if you fail so ok. It's never been done before by definition there's a very high chance that you will fail because it's never been done before in other places of the world the other place of the world, if you say it has never been done before. 

我們又回到了社會(huì)因素上。硅谷的社會(huì)能夠接受失敗的人，所以如果是一件前人沒有做過的事情，你很有可能也會(huì)失敗。而在其他地方，如果你說這是一個(gè)前所未有的主意，沒有人做過，那么其他人就會(huì)在想到底是什么不好的原因致使從沒有人嘗試過這件事情？

The first question is well if it has never been done before there must be a reason right and so they discourage you. Here in Silicon Valley is the opposite. If it’s never done before there's an opportunity. That's a big opportunity actually when people ask you what's going to be the next technology, now we live in the age of virtual reality.  So what's next? What you have to think of something that doesn't exist today.

他們不鼓勵(lì)你去冒險(xiǎn)。硅谷完全相反，沒有人做過就意味著一個(gè)很大的機(jī)遇?，F(xiàn)在人們就會(huì)問下一個(gè)技術(shù)趨勢(shì)是什么？我們現(xiàn)在生活的年代技術(shù)熱點(diǎn)有人工智能、虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)等等，那么你就要去想一下我們現(xiàn)在生活中不存在的技術(shù)。

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