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導(dǎo)語(yǔ)：

感謝大家訂閱皮埃羅•斯加魯菲（Piero Scaruffi）的鈦媒體72問(wèn).知識(shí)專欄《硅谷的秘密》。我是今天的提問(wèn)者趙何娟。在以色列，大家都很喜歡革新，但是市面上卻沒(méi)有太多革新性的產(chǎn)品，我很好奇以色列與硅谷在科技方面的區(qū)別是什么？

正文：

Right Israel is an interesting place, first of all, there are a lot of very intelligent people, they're creative it is kind of constrained. The limit is that it is driven by military. Israel is a country surrounded by enemies, so it's a very interesting thing, because it's almost the opposite of San Francisco Bay Area, they have no enemies, there was no pressure, it was just the sense of freedom, in a sense it was a relaxing place. And then it was this relaxed free place that allowed people to be very creative. 

以色列是個(gè)有趣的國(guó)家。首先他們有很多聰明的家伙，但他們的創(chuàng)新性局限于軍事方面，因?yàn)橐陨惺且粋€(gè)被敵國(guó)包圍的國(guó)家，這與三藩市的灣區(qū)有著本質(zhì)區(qū)別，灣區(qū)那里沒(méi)有任何敵人，那里沒(méi)有任何緊張的局勢(shì)，有的只是自由和放松的氛圍，而正是這種氛圍讓人們變得富有創(chuàng)造性。

Israel, from a psychological point of view, is interesting, because it is the opposite to the Bay Area. If you live in Israel you know, any day they could be a rocket, suicide bomber. You are surrounded by enemies, you're surrounded by people who don't like you, and so the pressure has forced them to be very creative to defend themselves. 

以色列在心理學(xué)上來(lái)說(shuō)它十分有趣，因?yàn)樗c灣區(qū)如此不同，它到處充斥著緊張的情緒。因?yàn)槿绻阕≡谝陨?，隨時(shí)都有可能有火箭襲擊和自殺式炸彈，它被敵人包圍著，被不喜歡你的人所包圍，因此人們被迫在軍事方面具有創(chuàng)造性用于保護(hù)自己。

It's difficult for us to understand this. The United States borders with Mexico, Canada and two oceans. China is a very big country and it has no wars with the neighbors. So it's difficult for us to relate to Israel, a small country surrounded by enemies, and by the way a small country of people who were exterminated in the 1940s. So for them the pressure to be creative is survival. So psychologically it is very interesting, totally different from Silicon Valley. 

我們很難理解這一點(diǎn)。美國(guó)與墨西哥和加拿大接壤，當(dāng)然還有兩大洋；中國(guó)是一個(gè)大國(guó)，與周邊國(guó)家沒(méi)有戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)困擾。因此我們很難理解以色列的局勢(shì)：一個(gè)如此小的國(guó)家，四周都是敵人。順便一提，這個(gè)國(guó)家在1940年代發(fā)生過(guò)滅絕性的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。因此對(duì)他們而言，富有創(chuàng)造性是事關(guān)生死的事情。因此心理學(xué)上這十分有趣，這跟硅谷太不一樣了。

If I had to write a history of Israeli technology, I will start with survival. If we want to survive, we have to make sure we can survive, so what we have to do is we have to be smarter than the others. If you look at the war that Israel fought against the Arabs, the Arabs have more people and the Arab even had more weapons, how did they win? more creative. they have this psychological pressure, they have to be more creative than the enemy right. Totally different motivation. So the good news is that it works, you do become creative. 

如果我要寫(xiě)有關(guān)以色列科技的文章，我會(huì)從生存說(shuō)起。想要生存，就得比其他人更聰明。比如說(shuō)以色列和阿拉伯的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，阿拉伯有更多的人口，甚至有更多武器，但是以色列卻贏了，這都是因?yàn)槠鋭?chuàng)造性。以色列人們有這種必須創(chuàng)新的壓力，他們必須比敵人更具創(chuàng)新性。因此以色列的創(chuàng)新性和硅谷的創(chuàng)新性是完全不一樣的。但好處是，他們起碼具有了創(chuàng)新性。

Right now you are not very creative, but if you walk in the street and there's a tiger you become very creative, your brain started to “what do I do now”. Exactly because you want to survive, suddenly you become very creative, or you die. So that's the good news. The bad news is that it is really driven by the military, so Israel has been very creative in technologies that come from the military. The most successful technology from Machine Vision comes from Israel, why, because the military used it. And then there is the use of the internet that has been very much driven by defense concerns. We have to enter coordinates very quickly in case of an attack. `And sure that is the limitation they have.

你可能原來(lái)沒(méi)有什么創(chuàng)造力，但是如果突然街上出現(xiàn)一只老虎，你馬上就有創(chuàng)造力了，為了生存大腦開(kāi)始嗡嗡運(yùn)作，不這樣做你就會(huì)死亡。這就是好處，而壞處是這一切都是由軍事驅(qū)動(dòng)的。以色列人們?cè)谲娛驴萍挤矫媸志哂袆?chuàng)造力，最先進(jìn)的機(jī)器視覺(jué)科技往往來(lái)自以色列。他們對(duì)于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的使用也是出于自衛(wèi)的目的，如果襲擊來(lái)臨了，他們必須很快作出回應(yīng)。但這就是他們的局限性。

And so the technology that comes out of it tends to be surveillance, Machine Vision, speech recognition and so on. It's much more difficult for any Israeli company to come out with Facebook or Google. These are peaceful technologies. Facebook is about we are friends and we want to organize a party. That's not the psychology of Israeli creativity, the psychology is really creativity, is there are enemies and they want to kill us and we have to be smarter than them. So you don't typically come up with Facebook. The result is also innovation, but because the motivation is different, you have a different kind of innovation. And in Silicon Valley we tend to use that technology, use it but not copy. The spirit is just different.

以色列的科技產(chǎn)品一般都是在自衛(wèi)、機(jī)器視覺(jué)科技和語(yǔ)音識(shí)別方面的，類似谷歌和臉書(shū)這些產(chǎn)品是很難在以色列萌芽的。因?yàn)槟槙?shū)是有關(guān)朋友之間互相聯(lián)系的產(chǎn)品，雖然現(xiàn)在不再是了，但是最初成立的時(shí)候確實(shí)是用于朋友之間舉辦派對(duì)之類活動(dòng)的產(chǎn)品，這一切都不適用于以色列的創(chuàng)造性。以色列的創(chuàng)造性說(shuō)的是敵人來(lái)了，而我們必須比他們更聰明。因此一般而言，以色列不太可能產(chǎn)生臉書(shū)這樣的公司。當(dāng)然兩者都是具有創(chuàng)造性的，但是由于驅(qū)動(dòng)力不一樣，所以創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)品也就不一樣。在硅谷，大家傾向于使用科技，氛圍是完全不一樣的。

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