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導(dǎo)語：

感謝大家訂閱皮埃羅•斯加魯菲（Piero Scaruffi）的鈦媒體72問.知識專欄《硅谷的秘密》。我是今天的提問者趙何娟。前幾期，我們都學(xué)習(xí)了如何認識發(fā)明和應(yīng)用發(fā)明的顯著區(qū)別，硅谷和以色列的顯著不同，以及為什么硅谷這種并不以發(fā)明為主流的地方，如何激發(fā)年輕人的生態(tài)？那么就進一步延伸出來一個問題，最近10年什么才能稱得上最具創(chuàng)新性的發(fā)明呢？

正文：

If I have to think of a great invention in the last ten years, I would say in biotechnology. So first let me tell you that, now we speak a lot about a Artificial Intelligence, I'm very happy, I make money if you speak about Artificial Intelligence, because I was an Artificial engineer in the 80s, so I've been in this are for thirty years. I'm very happy people think that Artificial Intelligence is the most important technology.

如果讓我想最近十年最具創(chuàng)新性的發(fā)明，我覺得很可能是生物科技。首先讓我說明一下，人們總是在說人工智能，這讓我很高興，只要有人說起人工智能，我就能賺錢。因為我在80年代是一名人工智能工程師，并工作了30年。我很高興人們認為人工智能是最重要的科技。

But the honest truth is that I don't think it's the number one technology today if you read my book Human2.0 where I talk about all these technologies: Artificial Intelligence, Virtual Reality, 3D Printing, Wearables, Nano tech and biotech. If you read that book, you will realize that I think biotech is number one. Biotech number one in potential business, in the way we will change our lives. To me there is no comparison. So if I think of inventions in the last ten years, I don't think of software, I think of biotech.

但事實上，我不認為人工智能是所發(fā)明的最重要的科技。如果你讀一下我的書《人類2.0》，里面有說到各種科學(xué)技術(shù)：人工智能、虛擬現(xiàn)實、3D打印、可穿式科技、納米科技、生物科技等等。如果你讀過這本書，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)我認為生物科技才是最重要的技術(shù)。它在商業(yè)應(yīng)用上的可能性以及改變?nèi)藗兩罘绞降确矫妫艺J為是不可取代的。因此要我說過去10年最重要的發(fā)明產(chǎn)品，我不會想起其它領(lǐng)域，一定會是生物技術(shù)。

In 2007, Yamanaka in Japan discovered how to create a stem cell artificially. In his study, he discovered the Four Yamanaka Factors, long story. But now there's a lot of studies about longevity - extending your life - which did use the Yamanaka Factors, and his technique of creating stem cells was very important because now we don't need embryonic stem cells, we can make as many stem cells as we want in the lab. That's a very important event.

在2007年，日本的Yamanaka先生發(fā)明了如何人工制造干細胞.在他的研究過程中，他發(fā)現(xiàn)了4種Yamanaka因子，說來話長。而現(xiàn)在有很多的研究集中在長壽這一方面，特別是使用Yamanaka因子進行壽命延長的研究。Yamanaka先生對于干細胞的研究是尤其重要的，因為現(xiàn)在我們不再需要依賴于胚胎干細胞了，我們可以隨意制造干細胞，因此這是一項重要的發(fā)明。

And I mean there's been discoveries just now, the first gene therapy has been approved gene therapy has been approved. Depends on when you want to start the invention, but the first one in the United States has been introduced just now, two months ago I think. The very first one was maybe in France or in Japan and I remember it was last year. So this will change medicine if it works. By this will change medicine, I mean they will find out that if they change one gene in your body you are going to live twenty years more, and this is one of the greatest inventions of the whole world.

而最近，第一個基因治療法通過了法案。取決于你怎么判定何為第一，但是美國首例基因治療是在兩個月之前通過的，而全球第一例很可能是歐洲或日本。如果該法可行的話，它會改變整個醫(yī)學(xué)界，他們很可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)只要改變一條基因，你就可以延長20年壽命。這將會是全球歷史上最偉大的發(fā)明。

There's a new technical term IBG, invented a few years ago., This is the consequence of Yamanaka studies. They can take a skin cell and turn it into a stem cell and then turn it into a female egg or a sperm. So couples, if they cannot have children in the future, they will just take skin cells then create a sperm and egg and turn it into a baby. Ok this sounds great right. Well guess what, they can take two cells from your skin and make them male and female cells, and put them together and you can make a baby and that baby you will be the mother and the father. This has been done in the lab physically. Mice were born using this IBG. This has been done last year or two years ago. It takes a long time before it becomes to you, a long time.

幾年前，有一項稱為IBG的新技術(shù)，它也是Yamanaka研究的應(yīng)用之一，它可以將皮膚細胞轉(zhuǎn)變成干細胞，然后再將其轉(zhuǎn)變成卵子或者精子，那么將來如果夫妻不能生育，他們只需要拿自己的皮膚細胞就可以變成受精卵進而變成寶寶了。這聽起來很厲害對吧，更厲害的是，他們還可以在你的皮膚上提取兩個細胞，將其變成精子和卵子，然后分化成寶寶，那么你將同時是寶寶的爸爸和媽媽。這一切目前還只是在實驗室進行，他們兩年前成功使用老鼠皮膚細胞分化出老鼠寶寶，當(dāng)然距離臨床試驗還有很大一段距離。

So if you ask me what are the biggest inventions in the last ten years, I think of biotech, I don't think of software, I don't think Artificial Intelligence, I think of biotech. Deep learning was invented in 2006, this was important, but I think the potential is much bigger. And even in Silicon Valley today, everybody talks about software, but actually we have a lot of biotech start-ups。

因此你要問我過去10年最偉大的發(fā)明，我一定會說生物科技，而不會是人工智能。在人工智能領(lǐng)域，人們在2006年發(fā)明了深度學(xué)習(xí)，這很了不起，但是生物科技的潛能更大。在現(xiàn)今的硅谷，人們好像說的都是軟件，但實際上硅谷還有很多生物科技初創(chuàng)公司。

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